INVICTUS

I am master of my fate, I am captain of my soul (from a poem by William Ernest Hendley)
There is no chance, no destiny, no fate, that can circumvent or hinder or control the firm resolve of a determined soul ( quote by Ella Wheeler Wilcox)

Wednesday, 16 July 2014

My Utterly Gorgeous Read 2

I first read this book something like 20 years ago in its original Indonesian. I have read other books by Pram (as Indonesians refer to the author) but Gadis Pantai remains my evergreen favourite.
Pramoedya Ananta Toer (1925 - 2006) is generally regarded as the greatest of Indonesian novelists. The immediacy, clarity and direct emotion of “The Girl From the Coast,” the unpretentious story of a poor village girl torn from her family and married to an arrogant nobleman, make it a compulsively readable novel.

The girl from the coast, a slender, pretty but otherwise ordinary 14-year-old is plucked from her life of ceaseless labour as a fisherman’s daughter and betrothed to the Bendoro, a local wealthy Javanese aristocrat whose luxurious lifestyle is light-years beyond anything the girl and her family have ever seen or imagined. To me it is the story about the oppression of the women in a feudal society. It was loosely based on the real experience of Pramoedya's grandmother.





Gadis Pantai
Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer
Gadis Pantai adalah seorang anak gadis yang cantik dan cerdik dari sebuah keluarga miskin di perkampungan nelayan. Kecantikannya memikat hati seorang pembesar berketurunan Jawa yang bekerja untuk Belanda. Pada usia 14 tahun dia diambil menjadi isteri pembesar tersebut yang di gelar Bendoro. Ibu bapa gadis pantai menyangka mereka memberikan kehidupan yang lebih baik kepadanya dengan mengahwinkannya dengan Bendoro. Sewaktu pernikahan hanya ketua kampung yang datang dengan membawa sebilah keris yang mewakili Bendoro.

Dengan berat hati gadis pantai meninggalkan keluarga dan menjadi Mas Nganten dirumah pembesar tersebut. Dia diberikan kemewahan namun tidak kebebasan. Gadis Pantai tidak diakui sebagai isteri sebaliknya hanya dijadikan tempat melepaskan nafsu sang pembesar. Dalam erti kata sebenar-benar walau diberi kemewahan taraf Mas Nganten didalam rumah tangga Bendoro tidak lebih dari seorang hamba atau gundik. Pada masa sekarang Bendoro ini boleh dikategori sebagai seorang paedophile.

Di rumah besar tersebut dia seolah-olah orang asing bilamana orang-orang terlalu mengikut protokol kerana takut akan kemurkaan Bendoro. Demi mengisi kekosongan hidupnya, Gadis Pantai belajar, membatik dan beberapa pekerjaan lagi, lebih-lebih lagi setelah pembantunya dihalau pembesar.

Namun setelah melahirkan seorang bayi, segala-galanya berakhir begitu sahaja ketika bayinya berumur tiga bulan. Dia diceraikan dan bayinya diambil Bendoro. Perkara seperti ini sememangnya telah merupakan perkara biasa kepada Sang Bendoro. Mengambil gadis-gadis muda dari keluarga miskin untuk dijadikan sebagai "isteri percubaan" kemudian dihalau pulang kekampung setelah melahirkan anak. Dirumah agamnya terdapat beberapa remaja lelaki merupakan anak-anak Bendoro dengan isteri-isteri percubaan yang telah diceraikannya. Si Bendoro dari keturunan bangsawan yang kaya raya hanya layak dikahwini oleh perempuan bangsawan yang setaraf dengan beliau sahaja. Demi meneruskan hidup gadis pantai memilih untuk pergi ke Blora, menolak untuk pulang ke kampung halaman kerana malu dengan jiran tetangga.

Novel ini membawa persoalan tentang perbezaan kelas yang sangat ketara pada era penjajahan Belanda di Indonesia. Ia juga merupakan kritikan yang sangat tajam tentang kemanusiaan dan bagaimana mudahnya kelas bawahan ditindas mereka yang kaya dan berkuasa yang juga mengakui diri mereka sebagai golongan yang taat kepada agama. Golongan priyayi (bangsawan) seperti Bendoro banyak mempelajari selok belok agama, namun mereka juga yang sering menindas dan mengambil kesempatan keatas orang miskin. Orang bawahan yang miskin juga disekat dari bersuara apa-apa melainkan menerima sahaja segala perlakuan pembesar walau pun ternyata sangat tidak berperi kemanusiaan. Jika dilihat dari buku-buku Pram yang lain, di era penjajahan seringkali ada sekelompok pembesar yang datang dari warga tempatan yang turut sama menindas bangsanya. Dan jika difikirkan  secara mendalam, adakah kebebasan dari penindasan itu wujud bagi kelas bawahan setelah sesebuah negara itu dikatakan merdeka sekali pun?


About the Author 
Pramoedya Ananta Toer (1925 - 2006) was a major figure in world literature and was constantly mentioned as a likely candidate for the Nobel Prize. He was the author of more than thirty books, including The Fugitive, The Buru Quartet, and The Mute's Soliloquy, and is published in more than thirty countries. He has been profiled in The New Yorker, The New York Times, and other major publications around the world. He was the recipient of numerous literary prizes and awards, including the PEN Freedom-to-Write Award and a Hellman-Hammett Award.

The Japanese occupation (1942-1944) and Indonesia's struggle for independence  provided the basic material for Pramoedya's writing. His best-known work is the Buru Quartet (1980-88), banned by the Suharto regime. The story, originally written between 1965 and 1979, is set at the turn of the 19th century and depicts the emergence of anticolonial Indonesian nationalism. Pramoedya's books have been translated into some 30 languages.

Pramoedya's writings sometimes fell out of favor with the colonial and later the authoritarian native governments in power. Pramoedya faced censorship in Indonesia during the pre-reformation era despite the fact that he was well known outside Indonesia. The Dutch imprisoned him from 1947 to 1949 during the War of Independence (1945-1949). During the changeover (coup) to the Suharto regime Pramoedya was caught up in the shifting tides of political change and power struggles in Indonesia. Suharto had him imprisoned from 1969 to 1979 on the Maluku island of Buru and branded him a Communist. He was seen as a holdover from the previous regime (even though he had struggled with the former regime (Sukarno). It was on the Island ofBuru that he composed his most famous work, theBuru Quartet. Not permitted access to writing materials, he recited the story orally to other prisoners before it was written down and smuggled out. Pramoedya opposed some policies of founding President Sukarno as well as the New Order regime of Suharto, Sukarno's successor. Political criticisms were often subtle in his writing, although he was outspoken against colonialism, racism and corruption of the Indonesian new Government. During the many years in which he suffered imprisonment and house arrest (in Jakarta after his imprisonment on Buru), he became a cause célèbre for advocates of human rights and freedom of expression.


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